THE BREATHING
We cannot understand the vocal process if we do not understand how our instrument works. First we will locate the nose and mouth through which we take the air, to later convert it into a voice. As the air passes through the vocal cords, we produce the sound, when it enters the resonance cavities it is amplified and with the lips and tongue we work on articulation and diction. Thus, the vocal instrument is a combination of the digestive system and the respiratory system, as you will see during the analysis .
The expired air enters directly into the lungs and is propelled in the form of a column of air through the diaphragmatic and intercostal muscles, sending it back outwards. During respiration, the vocal cords are separate, but come together during phonation.
As the air passes through the vocal cords, it makes them vibrate at a certain frequency, creating sound energy that will be amplified when it reaches the resonance zones. to the different sections. And seeing the importance that the air has in this process, we will begin with the Breathing exercises.
The drawing shows the top of your instrument.
Breathe in gently as if you were inhaling through a straw. Try to synchronize with the image in the video and release the air "without pressure".
check your breathing
Do you think your diaphragm is blocked?
What kind of breathing are you doing?
Is your air outlet correct?
What is what happened during the exercise?
Let's investigate a little more.
Attention: Do not do the exercise more than once. It can cause dizziness due to hyperventilation.
breathing mechanisms
La respiración se cumple en dos_cc781905-5cde-3194 -bb3b-136bad5cf58d_ times: Inspiration or air intake and expiration or air outlet. From the phoniatric point of view, normal inspiration is la que_cc781905-5 -bb3b-136bad5cf58d_ introduce aire suficiente para el adecuado funcionamiento _cc781905-5cde-3194-bb3b- 136bad5cf58d_ del mecanismo de la fonación. Breathing must be fast, deep and silent. *It is the expiratory pressure that will give the sound intensity, duration and pitch.
Breathing is determined by two types of movements.
1 - The action of the internal intercostal muscles, que raising the ribs, lengthen the transverse diameters and_cc781905-5cde-3194-bb3b-136bad5cf58 of the rib cage.
2 - La contracción del diafragma que al bajar, aumenta el diámetro vertical. Al contraerse el_cc781905 -5cde-3194-bb3b-136bad5cf58d_ diafragma, se ubica en un plano horizontal y los órganos que se alojan en la cavidad_cc781905-5cde -3194-bb3b-136bad5cf58d_ abdominal muscles are displaced forward, causing the abdomen to bulge.
Expiration consists of the regulated output of air for the vocal function. It is the essential element for there to be laryngeal sound. Just as in calm breathing, inspiration is due to the sole retraction of the chest walls and the lungs; in the phonation the contraction of the external intercostal muscles is added.
The larynx is a mobile organ that moves according to the demands of its respiratory or phonatory functions. The larynx is the sound-producing organ. This would be inaudible if it did not have the reinforcement of the resonance cavities.
The glottis opens during respiration and closes during phonation. There are muscles whose function is to separate the vocal cords, open the glottis to let air pass at the moment of inspiration: they are the dilators of the glottis. Other muscles, on the other hand, bring the vocal cords closer and close the glottis during phonation, they are the constrictors . And the muscles that stretch the vocal cords and determine the height of the sound, are the tensors .
The vocal cord is formed by the vocal ligament and the intrinsic tensor muscles. They can be seen as pearly white ribbons. The direction of the cords is the of a triangle with the vertex inwards, and delimit a space called Glottis.
An instant before the air pressure increases in the subglottic space, the vocal cords come together in the form of an apex. The closing movement of the strings, (addition) is caused by various muscles. An intrinsic muscle, the vocalis muscle, which forms most of the thickness of the chord y an extrinsic muscle_cc781905-5cde-3194-bb3b-136bad5cf58cricoid muscle_cc78-136bad5cf57 5cde-3194-bb3b-136bad5cf58d_ By varying the tension, the thickness of the strings is modified and therefore the contact area of the vocal lips becomes more or less high. When the expiratory pressure becomes strong enough to separate the taut cords, a certain amount of air escapes into the glottis. Then the expiratory pressure decreases and the vocal cords get closer, so this movement is repeated until chordal oscillations occur in the horizontal plane, whose number and shape characterize the pitch of the emitted sound,_cc781905- 5cde-3194-bb3b-136bad5cf58d_ver hz. In the emission of high tones, there is an increase in the tension of the vocal cords. In the bass, on the other hand, the strings decrease their tension and widen.
THE RESPIRATORY APPARATUS
The respiratory bellows is made up of the bronchopulmonary system and by the walls of the rib cage which by limiting it, conditions its mobility possibilities._cc781905-5cde-3194-bb3b5cf-136
From a functional point of view, the abdominal muscles are also involved. Both lungs are wrapped separately, by a kind of bag; the pleura. It is adhered to the inner face of the rib cage and to the superior face of the diaphragm.
The rib cage is the cavity in which the lungs are housed and is delimited by the ribs and vertebrae.
